Navigational instruments refer to the instruments used by nautical navigators as tools of their trade. The purpose of navigation is to ascertain the present position and to determine the speed, direction etc. to arrive at the port or point of destination. Nautical equipment mainly includes-
VHF-Radio System
VHF, in full very high frequency, conventionally defined portion of the electromagnetic spectrum including any radiation with a wavelength between 1 and 10 meters. Marine VHF radio is a worldwide system of two-way radio transceivers on ships and watercraft used for bidirectional voice communication from ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore, and in certain circumstances, ship-to-aircraft. It uses FM channels in the very high frequency (VHF) radio band in the frequency range between 156 and 174 MHz. In the official language of the International Telecommunication Union, the band is called the VHF maritime mobile band.Auto-Pilot is synchronised with the Gyro Compass to steer manually input courses, with reference to the gyro heading. Auto Pilot steers the manually input course by controlling the steering gear to turn the rudder in the required manner.
GPS offers endless possibilities for recreational and angling boaters. Modern GPS technology has the ability to network with radar, sonar, trolling motor, and autopilot systems. Can be with or without chart plotter.
Marine radars are X band or S band radars on ships, used to detect other ships and land obstacles, to provide bearing and distance for collision avoidance and navigation at sea.
Echo sounder is an instrumentation system for indirectly determining ocean floor depth. Echo sounding is based on the principle that water is an excellent medium for the transmission of sound waves and that a sound pulse will bounce off a reflecting layer, returning to its source as an echo.
SONAR(short for sound navigation and ranging) is a method by which sound waves are used to locate/map out objects and landscapes in the environment. In essence, a cluster of sound waves directs towards any environment. While some waves will bounce off the objects, others will reflect towards the emitter.
Sub-bottom Profilers are a special kind of single beam echosounders, that operate with very low frequencies, that allow to penetrate and scan the upper layers of the subseafloor.
The Marine MF/HF-SSB radio is a combined transmitter and receiver much like VHF. Unlike VHF which is typically a line of sight radio, MF/HF radios are able to refract their signals within the atmosphere providing increased range.
Marine automation systems provide a ship with one central way to control and monitor its equipment and operations. This system requires data acquisition from multiple pieces of equipment on a ship and the integration of that data into the automation system. Doing this effectively can save costs, energy and materials.
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